Volt-ampere characteristics of energy storage batteries

What is a typical voltage for a battery?

Typical values of voltage range from 1.2 V for a Ni/Cd battery to 3.7 V for a Li/ion battery. The following graph shows the difference between the theoretical and actual voltages for various battery systems: The discharge curve is a plot of voltage against percentage of capacity discharged.

What does energy mean in a battery?

In a battery specification, energy or nominal energy (Wh) refers to the total Watt-hours available when the battery is discharged at a certain rate (specified as a C-rate) from 100 percent state-of-charge to the cut-off voltage. This is essentially the battery's 'energy capacity'.

What voltage defines a battery as 'empty'?

Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage. It is this voltage that generally defines the “empty” state of the battery. Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery, also sometimes thought of as the “normal” voltage of the battery.

What does battery capacity mean?

1. Battery Capacity (Ah) Battery capacity is a critical indicator of lithium battery performance, representing the amount of energy the battery can deliver under specific conditions (such as discharge rate, temperature, and cutoff voltage), usually measured in ampere-hours (Ah). For example, a 48V, 100Ah lithium battery has a capacity of:

What do battery specifications include?

Battery specifications include the following details: Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery. Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage. These specifications are used to describe battery cells, modules, and packs.

What is the minimum allowable voltage for a battery?

Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery, also sometimes thought of as the “normal” voltage of the battery. Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage for a battery.