Blue microelectronics energy storage

What is blue energy?

Blue energy, or osmotic energy, is a form of Gibbs free energy that is released through mixing two waterbodies of different salinity concentrations [59, 60]. Being an easily accessible and abundant resource, water has made blue energy a potential substitute for its nonrenewable counterparts, such as fossil fuels and coal.

How can blue energy be harvested?

Blue energy can be harvested by various methods, such as triboelectric nanogenarators [, , , ] and membrane-based techniques including pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED is widely acknowledged to be the preferable option to PRO as it is much less energy demanding [65, 66].

Are on-chip micro/nano devices useful in energy conversion and storage?

On-chip micro/nano devices haven’t been widely applied in the field of energy conversion and storage despite their potential. This may be attributed to the complex configurations of energy devices and the immature theoretical models.

Can MOF membranes be used in blue energy harvesting?

MOF composite membranes For practical applications in blue energy harvesting, it is typically desirable to fabricate continuous MOF membranes to harness their potential for highly selective ion transport. However, one significant obstacle lies is the difficulty in synthesizing defect-free and freestanding MOF membranes.

Are alumina nanochannel membranes suitable for blue energy harvesting?

For MOF composite membranes used for blue energy harvesting, it is essential to ensure that the crystallinity of MOFs is not compromised during the fabrication process. Liu et al. used XRD to confirm the successful synthesis of UiO-66-NH 2 on the alumina nanochannel membrane (ANM) substrate, which is in good agreement with the simulated data .

What are the different types of micro/nano on-chip energy storage devices?

Three kinds of micro/nano on-chip energy storage devices are introduced in this section: single nanowire electrochemical devices, individual nanosheet electrochemical devices, and on-chip supercapacitors. The demand for miniature energy storage devices increases their application potential.