Parameters for evaluating ferroelectric energy storage performance

Which ferroelectric materials improve the energy storage density?

Taking PZT, which exhibits the most significant improvement among the four ferroelectric materials, as an example, the recoverable energy storage density has a remarkable enhancement with the gradual increase in defect dipole density and the strengthening of in-plane bending strain.

How can flexible ferroelectric thin films improve energy storage properties?

Moreover, the energy storage properties of flexible ferroelectric thin films can be further fine-tuned by adjusting bending angles and defect dipole concentrations, offering a versatile platform for control and performance optimization.

What is the recoverable energy storage density of PZT ferroelectric films?

Through the integration of mechanical bending design and defect dipole engineering, the recoverable energy storage density of freestanding PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 (PZT) ferroelectric films has been significantly enhanced to 349.6 J cm −3 compared to 99.7 J cm −3 in the strain (defect) -free state, achieving an increase of ≈251%.

Are defects in ferroelectric materials important?

While defects within ferroelectric materials may introduce complexities, including potential material aging and impacts on structural, phase transition, and polar ordering, the strategic incorporation of specific defects may lead to unforeseen advantages.

What determines the energy storage performance of capacitors?

There is a consensus that the energy storage performance of capacitors is determined by the polarization–electric field (P – E) loop of dielectric materials, and the realization of high Wrec and η must simultaneously meet the large maximum polarization (Pmax), small remanent polarization (Pr) and high Eb.

What are the characteristics of ferroelectric thin films?

Ferroelectric thin films exhibit tensile strain, strain gradient, and defect dipole states. b) The double-well potential of Landau free energy with the strain (defect)-free state (blue curve) and with strain and strain gradient engineering as well as defect engineering (red curve).