When was superconducting coil energy storage invented

What are superconducting inductive coils?

Superconducting Inductive Coils, also known as Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) coils, combine superconductivity and magnetic energy storage concepts to store electrical energy.

What are superconducting magnetic energy storage coils?

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) coils, also known as superconducting inductor coils, are used to store electrical energy in the magnetic field of a large coil for later use. Their main purpose is to supply large, repetitive power pulses and for load leveling applications.

How does a superconducting coil work?

Superconducting coils are made of superconducting materials with zero resistance at low temperatures, enabling efficient energy storage. When the system receives energy, the current creates a magnetic field in the superconducting coil that circulates continuously without loss to store electrical energy.

What is superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES)?

Superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) is a technology that uses superconducting coils to store electromagnetic energy directly.

When was superconducting first used?

In the 1970s, superconducting technology was first applied to power systems and became the prototype of superconducting magnetic energy storage. In the 1980s, breakthroughs in high-temperature superconducting materials led to technological advances.

Is a superconducting coil a Joule effect?

The coil must be superconducting; otherwise, the energy is wasted in a few milliseconds due to the Joule effect. The SMES has a high power density but a moderate energy density, a large (infinite) number of charge/discharge cycles, and a high energy conversion productivity of over 95%.