Distributed optimization of flywheel energy storage arrays

What happens if a flywheel energy storage array is extended?

The prolonged operation of a flywheel energy- storage array (FESA) may result in an increasing speed differential among individual units. This phenomenon can cause certain units to exceed their state of charge (SOC) limits, thereby hindering their involvement in subsequent charging or discharging processes.

Why do microgrids need a flywheel energy storage system?

Therefore, the energy storage system (ESS) must be used to offer timely and stable frequency-regulation services for microgrids. In contrast to other ESSs, flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) provide distinct advantages in terms of high power density and efficiency, rapid responsiveness, and extended operational lifespan .

Can virtual synchronous generator control be used in flywheel energy storage systems?

563 Abstract: The application of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) is an effective solution for addressing the challenges related to reduced inertia and inadequate power supply in microgrids.

What is a modular flywheel energy storage unit (Fesu)?

Consequently, interconnecting multiple modular flywheel energy storage units (FESUs) to form flywheel arrays is common practice . This configuration facilitates larger energy storage capacities, higher power outputs, and extended operational durations.

Can a flywheel remain inactive within the frequency regulation Dead Zone?

As evident, the control strategy proposed in this study enabled the flywheel to remain inactive within the frequency regulation dead zone. Simultaneously, the output power of the FESA adapted according to the SOC, thereby extending the discharge time while ensuring a frequency regulation effect.

What is array speed-balance control for FESA?

In addition, the proposed array speed-balance control enables each unit to operate at the maximum power even in case of differences in their SOCs, ensuring that the capacity of the FESA is fully utilized. 2 Proposed VSG control for the FESA The overall control structure of the FESA based on the VSG is depicted in Fig. 1.