Paris air energy storage

What is compressed air energy storage?

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is an emerging mechanical energy storage technology with great promise in supporting renewable energy development and enhancing power grid stability and safety. Conventional CAES typically utilize constant-volume air storage, which requires throttling to release high-pressure air.

How many cooling sites are there in Paris?

10 production sites and 4 storage sites provide around 440 GWh/year of cooling for over 780 buildings via a 93 km network. As from 5 April 2022, Fraîcheur de Paris, a jointly-owned company by ENGIE (85%) and RATP (15%), will become the urban cooling network operator for the city of Paris.

How much power does a flexible air storage system produce?

A larger flexible air storage device was deployed approximately 3 km from Toronto Island, at a depth of around 55 m in Lake Ontario. The energy conversion equipment is placed onshore, and the UW-CAES system can achieve an output power of approximately 0.7 MW, providing electricity for around 330 households.

Who owns the urban cooling network in Paris 2022?

As from 5 April 2022, Fraîcheur de Paris, a jointly-owned company by ENGIE (85%) and RATP (15%), will become the urban cooling network operator for the city of Paris. The 20-year concession will cover the production, storage, transport and distribution of the city’s cooling energy.

Who owns the city of Paris cooling network?

City of Paris concession holder and wholly-owned ENGIE subsidiary, which has been operating and developing the city of Paris cooling network since 1991. 10 production sites and 4 storage sites provide around 440 GWh/year of cooling for over 780 buildings via a 93 km network.

What is the energy density of a superelastic air storage system?

Under the storage pressure of 0.186 MPa, the energy density was 309.48 kJ/m 3, double that of the conventional air storage device. However, the fatigue characteristic of the superelastic material has not been tested, which is crucial for the system's stability and maintenance costs.