Energy storage spinning reserve

Is spinning reserve optimal for power systems?

Abstract: This paper investigates the optimal allocation of Spinning Reserve (SR) for power systems in the presence of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Electrical Energy Storage (EES) devices. This is done in order to reduce the system’s dependency on thermal generation units and the decrease total daily operational cost.

What is a spinning reserve?

Spinning reserves are maintained to remain on “hot standby.” Common sources of spinning reserve include gas combined-cycle turbines; gas combustion turbines; hydropower; and oil, coal, or gas steam turbine units that are already providing some energy from part of their capacity but can be ramped up within 10 minutes to provide additional energy.

Why do we need a spinning energy reserve?

The changing energy landscape, including the increased levels of variable energy resources and other emerging technologies, is driving the need to reconsider the industry’s traditional approach to reserves. Operating reserves, including spinning reserves, have long been required by North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standards.

Can power units serve as spinning reserve?

However, the power units of the utility system that are already running can serve as spinning reserve by increasing their output within few seconds, at a slight sacrifice of efficiency. Power units have to run, even during the peak periods, at their design, or nominal, conditions.

What is a spinning reserve in a pumped hydro power plant?

Unexpected increase of demand is compensated by increase of the power production by 3% to 5 % within few seconds at the supply side. Stopping the charging process of peak shaving energy storage units like pumped hydro power plants also serves as a spinning reserve. 1. Introduction

What are the three functions of a spinning reserve?

The three functions of the spinning reserves are to supply power for frequency control, to compensate loss of power due to breakdown or forced outage of a generation unit and to supply power to a group of consumers in case of disconnection.