Robotswana new bromine liquid flow energy storage

Are bromine-based flow batteries suitable for stationary energy storage?

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) have been widely used for stationary energy storage benefiting from their high positive potential, high solubility and low cost. However, they are still confronted with serious challenges including bromine cross-diffusion, sluggish reaction kinetics of Br 2 /Br − redox couple and sometimes dendrites.

What is bromine-based energy storage?

Bromine-based storage technologies are a highly efficient and cost-effective electro-chemical energy storage solution, providing a range of options to successfully manage energy from renewable sources, minimizing energy loss, reducing overall energy use and cost and safeguarding security of supply. Release energy continuously

Why did the group choose to work with bromine?

The group chose to work with bromine because the chemical is relatively inexpensive and available in large quantities, with more than 243,000 tons produced each year in the United States. In addition to bromine’s low cost and abundance, the chemical reaction between hydrogen and bromine holds great potential for energy storage.

What is the capacity retention rate of a zinc-bromine battery (ZBB)?

The zinc-bromine battery (ZBB) with a 20 M ZnBr 2 electrolyte had a high capacity retention rate of 74.98 % after resting for 24 h. Differently, the ZBB with a 2 M ZnBr 2 electrolyte showed a sharp decline in capacity retention beyond 2-h resting and exhibited only 0.13 % capacity after 24 h (Fig. 7 c).

Does bromine cross-diffusion affect battery life?

The easy bromine cross-diffusion causes serious self-discharge, leading to low coulombic efficiency (CE), high capacity decay rate and short lifespan [6, 33, 43]. In addition, for metal-based hybrid Br-FBs, the metal accumulation/dendrite issue during the charge process affects the battery life and reliability [28, 44, 45].

Does znbr 2 inhibit cross-diffusion of bromine?

Therefore, it was difficult for Br 3− to diffuse in ZnBr 2 solution and confined to the cathode area, effectively inhibiting the cross-diffusion of bromine (Fig. 7 a and b) . The zinc-bromine battery (ZBB) with a 20 M ZnBr 2 electrolyte had a high capacity retention rate of 74.98 % after resting for 24 h.