Energy storage batteries for power-assisted bicycles in developed countries

Why are EB batteries so popular in China?

The boom of EBs in China is attributed to the development of battery technology. The Pb–Sb–Cd alloy was first used in LABs of EBs (small sealed valve-controlled batteries) around 2000 in China, which significantly improved battery life and made EBs acceptable in the market .

Can two energy storage systems be used in the same traction system?

The developed system is constituted in a first approach by two different power sources: one is constituted by batteries or by fuel cells, and the other by supercapacitors. This paper describes a technical solution joining and accomplishing the usage of two energy storage systems in the same traction system.

Are cadmium-free electric bicycle batteries good for the environment?

A comparative LCA study is conducted for electric bicycle batteries in China. Cadmium-free is an effective green action for lead-acid batteries. LFP batteries have environmental advantages over other batteries. NCM batteries have no environmental advantage but big improvement potentials.

Can technology be used to reduce the environmental impact of batteries?

Scenarios for cycle life, recycling rate, echelon utilization, and repair and reuse of batteries were established to analyze opportunities to reduce the environmental impact of batteries. Then, several implications were proposed for the development of technology for batteries in EBs. 1. Introduction

Can batteries reduce environmental and human health impacts?

The key processes and factors in the full life cycle of batteries were identified, and reasonable opportunities were analyzed to reduce the environmental and human health impacts of the batteries based on the actual situation in China.

Which inventory data influenced the life cycle LCA results of NCM batteries?

The inventory data that had a great impact on the life cycle LCA results of NCM batteries included (1) the inputs of raw materials, including LiNi x Co y Mn (1-x-y) O 2, copper, (2) electricity consumption during the battery use stage, and (3) the recycling rate of the LiNi x Co y Mn (1-x-y) O 2.