Metallic lithium electrochemical energy storage

What is a lithium metal battery (LMB)?

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has revived and attracted considerable attention due to its high volumetric (2046 mAh cm −3), gravimetric specific capacity (3862 mAh g −1) and the lowest reduction potential (−3.04 V vs. SHE.).

What are the advantages of lithium batteries?

As a typical clean energy, lithium batteries offer significant advantages, including high energy density, high discharge power, long cycle life, no memory effect, and environmental sustainability in facilitating the widespread use of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles [8, 9].

What is the capacity retention of a lithium metal pouch battery?

Anode, cathode, electrolyte, and improvement strategy of lithium metal pouch battery. After 200 cycles, 86% capacity retention and 83% energy retention. A capacity retention of 90% over 500 cycles at a high current density of 0.9 mAcm −2 (charging)/3.6 mA cm −2 (discharging).

Can metal ions improve coulombic efficiency of lithium-ion batteries?

Metal ions and organic polymers were used as electrolyte additives to effectively control lithium-ion deposition and alleviate lithium dendrite problems, thereby improving the coulombic efficiency and stability of lithium-ion batteries.

What are the strategies of lithium metal anodes?

Based on the problems and challenges of lithium metal, the strategies of lithium metal anodes have been a hot topic in recent years but show insufficiency to some degree. It mainly includes the modification of electrolyte, the application of artificial interface membrane, the design of three-dimensional host, and the application of external field.

Does atomic number affect the specific capacity of lithium metal batteries?

However, adding a metal with a larger atomic number to lithium metal will reduce the specific capacity of the electrode, and this will greatly reduce the specific capacity of lithium metal batteries. This article believes that when designing a three-dimensional host, a less dense material should be used to ensure the battery capacity.