Lead-free energy storage ceramic mechanism

Which lead-free bulk ceramics are suitable for electrical energy storage applications?

Here, we present an overview on the current state-of-the-art lead-free bulk ceramics for electrical energy storage applications, including SrTiO 3, CaTiO 3, BaTiO 3, (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3, (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3, BiFeO 3, AgNbO 3 and NaNbO 3 -based ceramics.

What is a lead-free ceramic?

Among various lead-free materials, including Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT) 9, BiFeO 3 (BF) 10, and BaTiO 3 (BT) 11, K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN)-based ceramics are one of the most extensively studied dielectric for advanced energy storage applications 1, 2, 3, 4, 12.

Can lead-free ceramics be used for Advanced pulsed power systems?

This includes exploring the energy storage mechanisms of ceramic dielectrics, examining the typical energy storage systems of lead-free ceramics in recent years, and providing an outlook on the future trends and prospects of lead-free ceramics for advanced pulsed power systems applications. Graphical Abstract

How to improve energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics?

To overcome the inverse correlation between polarization and breakdown strength and to improve the energy storage performance of these lead-free ceramics, strategies such as constructing relaxor features, decreasing grain and domain size, enhancing band gap, designing layered structures, and stabilizing the anti-ferroelectric phase were employed.

Are lead-free ceramic dielectrics suitable for energy storage?

However, the thickness and average grain size of most reported lead-free ceramic dielectrics for energy storage are in the range of 30–200 μm and 1–10 μm, respectively. This may impede the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization with outstanding performance.

Does layered structure optimization improve energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics?

Boosting energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics via layered structure optimization strategy Small, 18(2022), p. 2202575 Google Scholar F.Yan, G.Ge, J.Qian, J.Lin, C.Chen, Z.Liu, J.Zhai Gradient-structured ceramics with high energy storage performance and excellent stability Small, 19(2023), p. 2206125 Google Scholar