Li fei submarine energy storage device

Which hydride storage systems are suitable for small submarines?

Compressed, and metal hydride-based H 2 storages are suitable for small to medium submarines. The most critical development in conventional underwater applications in recent years is to use hydrogen energy systems, including Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems.

Which technology is suitable for a small submarine?

For submarines, as another underwater application, metal hydrides and compressed hydrogen storage are suitable for small to medium-sized submarines. However, reforming technology, which provides onboard hydrogen production, combined with PEM fuel cell is decidedly suitable for large-scale submarines as Air Independent Propulsion system.

What are the future directions of marine energy storage systems?

Further, we summarize the eco-marine power system, and the future directions of marine energy storage systems are highlighted, followed by advanced Al-battery technology and marine energy storage industry outlooks up to 2025. 1. Introduction

Could lithium-sulfur cells replace lithium-ion batteries in marine autonomous systems?

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) cells have five times the theoretical maximum specific energy of lithium-ion. The increased specific energy and improved lower density of the cells mean that they could be an excellent replacement for the current lithium rechargeable cells used in marine autonomous systems.

Why do Submarines need lead-acid batteries?

For over a century, lead-acid batteries have been the standard source of stored energy for marine vehicles; they are utilized to power the vehicle’s main propulsion, or as a stand-by battery. However, more is required of submarines – they must demon-strate increased endurance and cope with greater speed demands.

Could lithium-ion batteries be a game-changer in marine applications?

A new generation of energy storage technology is required, based on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).42,43 Lithium-ion batteries could be a game-changer in marine applications, with the potential to be a primary source of power not just for submarines, but also unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and torpedoes.