Demand for antimony in photovoltaic energy storage batteries

Is antimony a critical metal for the energy transition?

Energy Res., 26 September 2022 Antimony is a type of critical metal for the energy transition. The antimony industry chain is distributed among the major developed and developing countries around the world. With the development of clean energy technology, the demand for antimony in photovoltaic and energy storage fields will increase significantly.

Are there supply risks in the antimony industry?

In the middle and downstream stages, the supply risk of AO, SO and FR is significantly lower than that of upstream commodities. As far as the United States is concerned, in all stages of the antimony industry chain, there are supply risks for commodities in the upstream and midstream stages, PSA and FR in the downstream stage.

Which countries have a high supply risk for antimony products?

Meanwhile, Canada, India, Japan, and Thailand are with high downstream supply risks. Some countries, like China, the United States, and Germany, play a core role in different sectors of the industry chain. International competitive relations of countries have caused a high supply risk of products related to the antimony industry chain.

How does the social and economic development of antimony affect global supply?

The social and economic development of antimony exporting countries (importing countries) affects the global supply of antimony products. The human development index (HDI) released by the United Nations Development Programme is a widely accepted standard to measure the social and economic development of countries since 1990.

Why is antimony a problem in Australia?

Although Australia, Canada, and the United States are rich in antimony resources as large resource countries, the development of this industry has been stagnant due to the high cost of antimony mining, resulting in relatively high supply risks of AO, AOX, and FR.

How does international competitive relations affect the antimony industry chain?

International competitive relations of countries have caused a high supply risk of products related to the antimony industry chain. The supply risk of the antimony industry chain shows that countries must strengthen industrial division and cooperation to maximize their interests.