What are the submarine energy storage technologies

How energy storage technology can improve the Marine generation system?

To improve the power quality and make the marine generation system more reliable, energy storage systems can play a crucial role. In this paper, an overview and the state of art of energy storage technologies are presented. Characteristics of various energy storage technologies are analyzed and compared for this particular application.

Which technology is suitable for a small submarine?

For submarines, as another underwater application, metal hydrides and compressed hydrogen storage are suitable for small to medium-sized submarines. However, reforming technology, which provides onboard hydrogen production, combined with PEM fuel cell is decidedly suitable for large-scale submarines as Air Independent Propulsion system.

Which hydride storage systems are suitable for small submarines?

Compressed, and metal hydride-based H 2 storages are suitable for small to medium submarines. The most critical development in conventional underwater applications in recent years is to use hydrogen energy systems, including Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems.

Why do submarines use a fuel cell system?

This is considered a large operational advantage for submarines. Both technologies are also already applied in actual operational submarines. For example, the German Type 212A submarines use a fuel cell system for air independent power supply and the Japanse Taigei class submarines have lithium-ion batteries installed.

What are the power plant options for non-nuclear submarines?

With the new emerging technologies, the amount of power plant options for non-nuclear submarines is increasing, especially for the submerged power supply. Fuel cell technology enables an air independent power supply, operating on pure hydrogen and pure oxygen. Lithium-ion batteries can be used as an alternative for the lead-acid batteries.

How does a power plant affect a submarine design?

The impact of a selected power plant on the overall submarine design is significant. Thus, selecting the right components of the power plant at an early design stage is key to a successful design. With the increasing amount of power plant options, this becomes more difficult and time consuming.