Electric vehicle virtual energy storage

What is electric vehicle energy storage (Eves)?

The emergence of electric vehicle energy storage (EVES) offers mobile energy storage capacity for flexible and quick responding storage options based on Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode , . V2G services intelligently switch charging and discharging states and supply power to the grid for flexible demand management .

Can EVs be used as energy storage?

For instance, Alahyari et al. presented a self-scheduling framework of VPP which takes into account the uncertainty of electricity market prices and power generation, and allows for the participation of EVs as energy storage in the day-ahead and reserve markets.

What are energy storage facilities?

Energy storage facilities are well-known for their ability to store excessive energy and supply it back to the grid during peak hours, especially battery energy storage systems , , plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) , , and compressed air storage or pumped storage , .

How EV charging price settings affect VPP energy scheduling?

Fig. 9 shows the prices to get the EV charged during the real-time period. The real-time EV electricity pricing strategy improves energy utilization efficiency and collaboratively ensures the stability of power system. The impact of EV real-time charging price settings on the VPP energy scheduling is significant.

Do Eves and ESS optimize the economic and environmental problem?

Due to the deviation of renewable energy generation in the real-time day, EVES and ESS are utilized as charging and discharging scheduling strategy to optimize the economic and environmental problem in the VPP system. We conducted four cases to compare the effects of different model configurations, as shown in Table 5.

How do Eves and ESS affect VPP operation costs?

First, the coordinated charge–discharge scheduling strategy of EVES and ESS offers significant reductions in operation costs and the impact of renewable energy fluctuations in the VPP operational scheduling. Moreover, as the number of EVs increases, the operating costs of VPP will decrease.